Luo Hao

Java核心技术卷(4)

Rehoni / 2018-04-08


需要了解的类库



一些代码注意点

所有与通配符匹配的源文件都将被编译成为类文件

    javac Employee*.java

注意不要编写返回可变对象的访问器方法. 下代码中test代码中d和harry.hireDay引用同一个对象, 更改d就会自动改变这个雇员对象的私有状态

    class Employee{
    	private Date hireDay;
    	public Date getHireDay()
       {
          return hireDay;
       }
    }
    //test代码中
    Employee harry=...;
    Date d=harry.getHireDay();
    d.setTime(...);
    //正确代码
    public Date getHireDay()
       {
          return hireDay.clone();
       }

总结Java方法参数的使用情况:

  1. 不能修改一个基本数据类型的参数
  2. 可以改变一个对象参数的状态
  3. 不能让对象参数引用一个新的对象
    /**
     * This program demonstrates parameter passing in Java.
     * @version 1.00 2000-01-27
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class ParamTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          /*
           * Test 1: Methods can't modify numeric parameters
           */
          System.out.println("Testing tripleValue:");
          double percent = 10;
          System.out.println("Before: percent=" + percent);
          tripleValue(percent);
          System.out.println("After: percent=" + percent);
    
          /*
           * Test 2: Methods can change the state of object parameters
           */
          System.out.println("\nTesting tripleSalary:");
          Employee harry = new Employee("Harry", 50000);
          System.out.println("Before: salary=" + harry.getSalary());
          tripleSalary(harry);
          System.out.println("After: salary=" + harry.getSalary());
    
          /*
           * Test 3: Methods can't attach new objects to object parameters
           */
          System.out.println("\nTesting swap:");
          Employee a = new Employee("Alice", 70000);
          Employee b = new Employee("Bob", 60000);
          System.out.println("Before: a=" + a.getName());
          System.out.println("Before: b=" + b.getName());
          swap(a, b);
          System.out.println("After: a=" + a.getName());
          System.out.println("After: b=" + b.getName());
       }
    
       public static void tripleValue(double x) // doesn't work
       {
          x = 3 * x;
          System.out.println("End of method: x=" + x);
       }
    
       public static void tripleSalary(Employee x) // works
       {
          x.raiseSalary(200);
          System.out.println("End of method: salary=" + x.getSalary());
       }
    
       public static void swap(Employee x, Employee y)
       {
          Employee temp = x;
          x = y;
          y = temp;
          System.out.println("End of method: x=" + x.getName());
          System.out.println("End of method: y=" + y.getName());
       }
    }
    
    class Employee // simplified Employee class
    {
       private String name;
       private double salary;
    
       public Employee(String n, double s)
       {
          name = n;
          salary = s;
       }
    
       public String getName()
       {
          return name;
       }
    
       public double getSalary()
       {
          return salary;
       }
    
       public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
       {
          double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
          salary += raise;
       }
    }